Router

Router

A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks. Routers perform the traffic directing functions on the Internet. Data sent through the internet, such as a web page or email, is in the form of data packets. A packet is typically forwarded from one router to another router though the networks that constitute an internetwork until it reaches its destination node.

A router is connected to two or more data lines from different networks When a data packet comes in on one of the lines, the router reads the network address information in the packet to determine the ultimate destination. Then, using information in its routing table or routing policy, it directs the packet to the next network on its journey.

The most familiar type of routers are home and small office routers that simply forward IP packets between the home computer and the Internet. An example of a router would be the owner’s cable or DSL router, which connect to the Internet through an Internet service provider (ISP). More Sophisticated routers, such as enterprice routers, core routers that forward data at high speed along the optical fiber  lines of the Internet backbone. Though routers are typically dedicated hardware devices, software-based routers also exits.

Operation

When multiple routers are used in interconnected networks, the routers can exchange about destination using a routing protocol. Each router builds up a routing table listing the preferred routers between any two systems on the interconnected networks

A router has two types of network element components organized onto separate planes

    ·      Control plane:

       A router maintain a routing table that lists which route should be used to forward a data packet, and through which physical interface connection. It does this using internal preconfigured directives, called static  routes, or by learning routes dynamically using protocol. Static and dynamic routes are stored in the routing table . the control-plane logic then strips non-essential directives from the table and builds a forwarding information base(FIB) to be used by the forwarding plane

    ·      Forwarding  plane:-

              The router forward data packets between incoming and outgoing interface connection. It forwards them to the correct network type using information that the packet header contain matched to entries in the FIB supplied  by the control plane

Types of Routers

        1.  Wired Router

        2.   Wireless Router

        3.  Core Router

        4.  Edge Router

        5.  Virtual Router

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